Diferencia entre revisiones de «Resistencia a antibióticos»
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[[File:Resistencia a los antibioticos.png|thumb|200px|Representação esquemática de como resistência antibiótica surge através da seleção natural.]] | [[File:Resistencia a los antibioticos.png|thumb|200px|Representação esquemática de como resistência antibiótica surge através da seleção natural.]] | ||
| − | ''' | + | '''Resistencia a antibióticos''' ou '''resistencia a los antimicrobianos''' es una forma de resistencia a los medicamentos de modo que algunas subpoblaciones de un microorganismo particular, más comúnmente una o más cepas de bacterias son capaces de sobrevivir a la exposición a uno o más antibióticos. Esto puede ser adquirida a través de: transformación, conjugación, transducción y la mutación. [[Transferencia horizontal de genes]] es la principal razón para la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos.<ref>{{cite journal |author=Kay E, Vogel TM, Bertolla F, Nalin R, Simonet P |title=In situ transfer of antibiotic resistance genes from transgenic (transplastomic) tobacco plants to bacteria |journal=Appl. Environ. Microbiol. |volume=68 |issue=7 |pages=3345–51 |year=2002 |month=July |pmid=12089013 |pmc=126776 |url=http://aem.asm.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=12089013}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Koonin EV, Makarova KS, Aravind L |title=Horizontal gene transfer in prokaryotes: quantification and classification |journal=Annu. Rev. Microbiol. |volume=55 |pages=709–42 |year=2001 |pmid=11544372 |url=http://arjournals.annualreviews.org/doi/full/10.1146/annurev.micro.55.1.709?url_ver=Z39.88-2003&rfr_id=ori:rid:crossref.org&rfr_dat=cr_pub%3dpubmed}}</ref><ref>{{cite journal |author=Nielsen KM |title=Barriers to horizontal gene transfer by natural transformation in soil bacteria |journal=APMIS Suppl. |volume=84 |pages=77–84 |year=1998 |pmid=9850687 }}</ref> One of its mechanisms is bacterial conjugation, a process in which a bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another cell by cell-to-cell contact exchanging DNA that can add a new function to the recipient cell such as antibiotic resistance.<ref>{{cite book|author=Tortora, Gerard J.; Funke, Berdell R.; Case, Christine L. |title=Microbiology: An Introduction|edition=10th|publisher=Benjamin Cummings|location=San Francisco|page=84|year=2010|isbn=978-0-321-55007-1}}</ref> |
| − | == | + | Approximately about 20 years after the first sale of penicillin a new discovery emerged: Antibiotic resistance.<ref>{{cite book|author=Maczulak |title=Encyclopedia of Microbiology|publisher=Facts on File|location=New York|page=41|year=2011|isbn=978-0-8160-7364-1}}</ref> |
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| + | ==Mecanismos de resistencia a los antibióticos== | ||
Are known several ways of appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria<ref>{{cite book|author=Madsen, Eugene|title=Environmental Microbiology:From Genomes to Biogeochemistry|chapter=8-Special and Applied Topics in Environmental Microbiology|page=427|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|location=Malden, MA/Oxford|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4051-3647-1}}</ref>: | Are known several ways of appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria<ref>{{cite book|author=Madsen, Eugene|title=Environmental Microbiology:From Genomes to Biogeochemistry|chapter=8-Special and Applied Topics in Environmental Microbiology|page=427|publisher=Blackwell Publishing|location=Malden, MA/Oxford|year=2008|isbn=978-1-4051-3647-1}}</ref>: | ||
Revisión del 16:55 14 mar 2013
Resistencia a antibióticos ou resistencia a los antimicrobianos es una forma de resistencia a los medicamentos de modo que algunas subpoblaciones de un microorganismo particular, más comúnmente una o más cepas de bacterias son capaces de sobrevivir a la exposición a uno o más antibióticos. Esto puede ser adquirida a través de: transformación, conjugación, transducción y la mutación. Transferencia horizontal de genes es la principal razón para la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos.[1][2][3] One of its mechanisms is bacterial conjugation, a process in which a bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another cell by cell-to-cell contact exchanging DNA that can add a new function to the recipient cell such as antibiotic resistance.[4]
Approximately about 20 years after the first sale of penicillin a new discovery emerged: Antibiotic resistance.[5]
Mecanismos de resistencia a los antibióticos
Are known several ways of appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria[6]:
- Reduced drug accumulation by decreasing drug permeability
- Reduced drug accumulation by increasing active efflux (pumping out) of the drugs across the cell surface[7]
- Alteration of target site eliminating or reducing binding of antibiotic
- Enzymatic deactivation - Enzymes, that by modification, inactive the antibiotic. This can occur for Hidrolysis or Derivation.
- Sequestration of antibiotic by protein binding
- Alteration of metabolic pathway - Metabolic bypass of inhibited reaction
- Binding of specific immunity protein to antibiotic
- Overproduction of antibiotic target (titration)
Referencias
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite journal
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite journal
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite journal
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite book
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite book
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite book
- ↑ Plantilla:Cite journal
Ligações externas
- The "Evolution" of Antibiotic Resistance by Daniel Criswell, Ph.D. ICR Impact 378. Dezembro de 2004.
