Resistencia a antibióticos ou resistencia a los antimicrobianos es una forma de resistencia a los medicamentos de modo que algunas subpoblaciones de un microorganismo particular, más comúnmente una o más cepas de bacterias son capaces de sobrevivir a la exposición a uno o más antibióticos. Esto puede ser adquirida a través de: transformación, conjugación, transducción y la mutación. Transferencia horizontal de genes es la principal razón para la resistencia bacteriana a los antibióticos.[1][2][3] One of its mechanisms is bacterial conjugation, a process in which a bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another cell by cell-to-cell contact exchanging DNA that can add a new function to the recipient cell such as antibiotic resistance.[4]
Approximately about 20 years after the first sale of penicillin a new discovery emerged: Antibiotic resistance.[5]
Mecanismos de resistencia a los antibióticos
Are known several ways of appearance of antibiotic resistance in bacteria[6]:
- Reduced drug accumulation by decreasing drug permeability
- Reduced drug accumulation by increasing active efflux (pumping out) of the drugs across the cell surface[7]
- Alteration of target site eliminating or reducing binding of antibiotic
- Enzymatic deactivation - Enzymes, that by modification, inactive the antibiotic. This can occur for Hidrolysis or Derivation.
- Sequestration of antibiotic by protein binding
- Alteration of metabolic pathway - Metabolic bypass of inhibited reaction
- Binding of specific immunity protein to antibiotic
- Overproduction of antibiotic target (titration)
Referencias
Ligações externas
- The "Evolution" of Antibiotic Resistance by Daniel Criswell, Ph.D. ICR Impact 378. Dezembro de 2004.