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===Information theoryTeoría de la información===A clear definition of the concept of “information” cannot be found in information theory textbooksUna definición clara del concepto de "información" no se puede encontrar en los libros de teoría de la información.<ref name=gibbs>{{cite journalcita publicación|authorautor=Lin, Shu-Kun|yearaño=2008|titletítulo=Gibbs Paradox and the Concepts of Information, Symmetry, Similarity and Their Relationship|journalpublicación=Entropy|volumevolumen=10|issuenúmero=1|pagespágina=1-5|url=http://www.mdpi.com/1099-4300/10/1/1}}</ref> Gibbs proposes in this context a simple definition: “Information (I) is the amount of the data after data compression”.<ref name=gibbs /> To Shannon, the semantic aspects of communication are irrelevant to the engineering problem and the significant aspect is that the actual message is one picked from a set of possible messages.<ref name=shannon>{{cite book|author=Shannon, Claude E.; Weaver, Warren|title=The Mathematical Theory of Communication|location=Illinois|publisher=Illini Books|year=1949|page=1|id=Library of Congress Catalog Card nº 49-11922|url=http://cm.bell-labs.com/cm/ms/what/shannonday/shannon1948.pdf}}</ref> According to J. Z. Young, the concept of information in a system, to Shannon, may be defined as that feature of it which remains invariant under re-coding.<ref>{{cite book|editor=Huxley, Julian; Hardy, A. C.; Ford, E. B|title=Evolution as a Process|author=Young, J. Z|chapter=Memory, Heredity and Information|publisher=Collier Books|location=New York, N. Y.|edition=2nd|year=1963|page=326-346}}</ref>