Nuevo Testamento

Page from Codex Vaticanus written ca. 350 AD

El Nuevo Testamento es una colección de veintisiete libros y cartas, escritas por testigos y por las personas que obtuvieron el testimonio de testigos presenciales. Siendo que los más antiguos manuscritos existentes están en griego y en el contexto de la helenización que ayudó a desarrollar la cultura del siglo I en la Palestina, los estudiosos han determinado que el Nuevo Testamento fue escrito originalmente en griego. Completado antes de 100 dC, el énfasis del Nuevo Testamento es la vida, las enseñanzas, la crucifixión, la muerte, la resurrección y el don de la salvación de Jesús de Nazaret. También se enfoca en la historia temprana de la iglesia cristiana específicamente en el libro de los Hechos.

Lectura e Interpretación

NT Wright, an influential New Testament scholar, paints a quick picture of the history of reading the New Testament in his book The New Testament and the People of God. Wright recommends reading the New Testament as not only historical but theological, contexts enabling Christianity to maintain a practice of historical theology. However throughout the history of reading the NT there have been;

“

... four ways (pre-critical, historical, theological and postmodern readings) correspond very broadly to three movements within the history of Western culture in the last few centuries. The first belongs to the period before the Enlightenment of the eighteenth century; the second, to the major emphasis of the Enlightenment, sometimes known as 'modernism' or 'modernity'; the third, to a corrective on the second, still from within the Enlightenment worldview has begun to break up under questioning from many sides, and which has become known as 'postmodern.'

”

Apologética

There are two accepted methods proposed by biblical and specifically New Testament biblical scholarship that when followed serve as a type of historical bedrock from which to defend the resurrection of Jesus Christ, and uniqueness of the New Testament among ancient literature. There is firstly the minimal facts method with its pioneer Gary Habermas, recognized as a world authority on the resurrection of Jesus. Secondly there is what is called the general reliability method which is utilized to articulate a case for textual stability of the New Testament rather than the historicity of particular events within the life of Jesus.

Método de mínimos hechos

The minimal facts method is a historical apologetic that makes the case for the supernatural resurrection of Jesus Christ. The minimal facts method is also called the minimal facts approach and was pioneered in the 1970's by the philosopher, historian and prominent Christian apologist Gary R. Habermas. It is considered within specifically historical apologetics as a scholarly approach to establish specific reliability in the Bible showing the central doctrine of Christianity as historical fact.

Método de fiabilidad general

The general reliability method is apologetics from textual criticism that focuses on the textual features of the New Testament. As ancient literature the NT is compared with other literature from which there are surviving manuscripts. Specific categories of chronological criteria relative to biblical and non-biblical manuscripts are compared. The method formulated during the late 19th and early 20th centuries as archeological discoveries brought to light the manuscript and therefore textual data necessary to reason methodically. The general reliability method is underpinned by the whole range of practices within the field of textual criticism. So much so is the scholarly field so important for the general reliability method that the methodology is sometimes referred to as simply textual criticism of the New Testament. What that naturally amounts to is a unique status for the texts of the NT. The general reliability method is still used today by Christians but sophisticated treatments by apologists regard it in light of what was pioneered in the 1970's by Gary Habermas called the minimal facts method.

Libros del Nuevo Testamento

There are several divisions of the New Testament which are the Gospels, Pauline epistles or letters, the general epistles and the final book of the Bible called Revelation.

Evangelios

The word gospel [ˈɡɒspəl] derives from the Old English word gōdspell from gōd, meaning "good" and spell, meaning "message" or "news" - compare the Old Norse guthspjall, the Old High German guotspell or the Germanic gutspeil. Therefore the word gospel is the English translation of the Koine Greek εὐαγγέλιον (euangelion, εὖ eu "good" + ἄγγελος angelos "messenger"), Latinized evangelium. The Acts of the Apostles are a continuance of the gospel Luke, documenting the history of the early Christian church, beginning immediately following Jesus' death and resurrection. Of the authors, only Matthew and John had met Jesus; they were among His disciples during His earthly ministry. Mark was a companion of Peter, and scholarship generally sees his gospel as the first to be written down approximately 65 AD. Luke is considered the author of both his gospel and the book of Acts and is generally referred to as Luke-Acts.

The kinds of material covered within the gospels in regard to the life and death of Jesus Christ are basically five types. They are; parables, miracle stories, pronouncement stories which are anecdotes that preserve the memory of something Jesus said, and were also very popular within the greater Greco-Roman world as well. Individual sayings are also part of the gospels but do not have narrative context like pronouncement stories. And then there are passion and resurrection narratives, which are covered in far more detail than any other types of material found in the gospels.

The gospels are;

• Gospel of Matthew
• Gospel of Mark
• Gospel of Luke
• Gospel of John

There is also Acts of the Apostles which is usually taken in conjunction with Luke and referred to as Luke-Acts.

Epístolas Paulinas

Estas son las cartas escritas a diversas comunidades cristianas por el apóstol Pablo.

• Epístola a los Romanos
• Primera Epístola a los Corintios
• Segunda Epístola a los Corintios
• Epístola a los Gálatas
• Epístola a los Filipenses
• Primera Epístola a los Tesalonicenses
• Segunda Epístola a los Tesalonicenses
• Epístola a los Efesios
• Epístola a los Colosenses
• Primera Epístola a Timoteo
• Segunda Epístola a Timoteo
• Epístola a Tito
• Epístola a Filemón
• Epístola a los Hebreos

Epístolas Generales

• Epístola de Santiago
• Primera Epístola de Pedro
• Segunda Epístola de Pedro
• Primera Epístola de Juan
• Segunda Epístola de Juan
• Tercera Epístola de Juan
• Epístola de Judas

Revelation

Main Article: Revelation

The Book of Revelation, also called The Apocalypse, is the last work in the New Testament as well as the whole Bible, written close to AD 100 by the Apostle John during his exile on the Greek island of Patmos. Revelation is concerned with the condition of the Seven Churches of Asia before going deeply into a description of the last days prior to the beginning of the Millennial Age.

Enlaces externos

• Online Resources for Introducing the New Testament: A Historical, Literary, and Theological Survey By Baker Academic
• New Testament professor Craig A. Evans discusses the Biblical manuscripts, textual criticism, and the Dead Sea Scrolls
• Richard Bauckham Lectures – What Sort of History are the Gospels? Richard Bauckham on the Gospels as (Reliable) Historical Biography