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[[File:Resistencia a los antibioticos.png|thumb|200px|Representação esquemática de como resistência antibiótica surge através da seleção natural.]]
<ref>{{cita publicación |autor=Nielsen KM |título=Barriers to horizontal gene transfer by natural transformation in soil bacteria |publicación=APMIS Suppl. |volumen=84 |página=77–84 |año=1998 |pmid=9850687 |url=http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1600-0463.1998.tb05653.x/abstract}}</ref> One of its mechanisms is bacterial conjugation, a process in which a bacterial cell transfers genetic material to another cell by cell-to-cell contact exchanging DNA that can add a new function to the recipient cell such as antibiotic resistance.<ref>{{cita libro|autor=Tortora, Gerard J.; Funke, Berdell R.; Case, Christine L. |título=Microbiology: An Introduction|edición=10ª|editorial=Benjamin Cummings|ubicación=San Francisco|página=84|año=2010|isbn=978-0-321-55007-1}}</ref>
==Mecanismos de resistencia a los antibióticos==
* '''Reduced drug accumulation by decreasing drug permeability'''