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[[Jacob|Israel]] tuvo una visión profética sobre el estado futuro de sus hijos en {{Biblia ref|libro=Genesis|cap=49|versos=3-28}}. Las tribus de Israel fueron fundadas por los doce hijos de [[Jacob]] como los padres de las tribus del pueblo.<ref name=unger>{{cita libro |autor=Unger, Merrill F|editor=Harrison, R. K.|title=The New Unger´s Bible Dictionary|editorial=Moody Press|ubicación=Chicago|año=1988|página=635|isbn=0-8024-9037-9}}</ref> Mientras que los hebreos estaban en cautiverio en Egipto, fueron agrupados según las casas de sus padres ({{Biblia ref|libro=Éxodo|cap=6|versos=14}}). The entire encampment of the Israelites at Sinai was organized and to each tribe was given its place in which to march and in what place to campEl campamento entero de los israelitas en el Sinaí fue organizado ya cada tribu se le dio su lugar en el cual marchar y en qué lugar donde acampar.<ref name=tenney>{{cite book cita libro |last=|first=|editor=Douglas, J.D.; Tenney, Merril C|titletítulo=The New International Dictionary of the Bible|publishereditorial=Zondervan Publishing House|locationubicación=Grand Rapids, Michigan|yearaño=1987|pagepágina=1036|isbn=0-310-33190-0}}</ref> At this timeEn este momento, the los [[Tribe of Levitribu de Leví|Leviteslevitas]] were set apart for the service of the fueron apartados para el servicio del [[tabernacletabernáculo]] so that the , por lo que la [[tribe of Josephtribu de José]] was splited and counted as two tribesse dividió y se contaron como dos tribus: the la [[tribe of Manassehtribu de Manasés]] and the y [[tribe of Ephraimla tribu de Efraín]].<ref>{{cite bookcita libro|authorautor=Unger, Merril F|yearaño=1987|titletítulo=Nuevo Manual Biblico de Unger|language=spanish|locationubicación=Grand Rapids, Michigan|publishereditorial=Kregel Publications|pagepágina=96-97|trans_title=New Unger´s Bible Handbook|isbn=0-8254-1779-1}}</ref> When the Israelites entered the land of Canaan portions of the land where assigned to each of the twelve tribes.<ref name=illustrated>{{cite book |last=|first=|editor-first=J. D.|editor-last=Douglas|title=The Illustrated Bible Dictionary|publisher=Inter-Varsity Press/Tyndale House Publishers|location=|volume=3|volumes=3|year=1980|page=1594-1595|isbn=0-8423-7525-2}}</ref> The twelve tribes remained united as a state, one people, until the death of Solomon, when they revolted.<ref>{{cite book|author=Smith, William|title=Smith´s Bible Dictionary|publisher=Holman Bible Publishers|location=Nashville|year=1979|page=316|isbn=0-87981-033-5}}</ref> Under [[Rehoboam]] the United Kingdom of Israel was split into its [[Kingdom of Israel|Northern]] and [[Kingdom of Judah|Southern]] (Judah) halves.<ref name=baker>{{cite book |last=Pfeiffer|first=Charles F|editor=|title=Baker´s Bible Atlas|publisher=Baker Book House|location=Grand Rapids, Michigan|year=1979|page=149-150|isbn=0-8010-6930-0}}</ref> The [[Kingdom of Israel]] gathered the ten northern tribes and the [[Kingdom of Judah]] included the tribes of [[Tribe of Judah|Judah]], a portion of [[Tribe of Benjamin|Benjamin]] and [[Tribe of Simeon|Simeon]].<ref name=baker /> After being taken captive by the Assyrians, the ten tribes of the [[Kingdom of Israel]] became known as the lost ten tribes.<ref name=unterman>{{cite book|author=Unterman, Alan|title=Dictionary of Jewish Lore & Legend|year=1997|publisher=Thames and Hudson|isbn=978-0500279847}}</ref> According to rabbinic literature, some of the lost ten tribes are beyond the legendary river Sambatyon.<ref name=unterman /> According to Pliny, the river runs rapidly for six days but its waters flow ceases in days of [[Shabbat]] and the Jews can not cross it because they are prevented from traveling on the Shabbat days.<ref>{{cite book|author=Birnbaum, Philip|title=Encyclopedia of Jewish Concepts|year=1979|page=493-495|edition=Revised edition|publisher=Hebrew Publishing Company|location=Brooklyn, New York|isbn=0-88482930-8}}</ref> Some traditions attribute Yemenite Jews and black Jews of Ethiopia as belonging to the remnants of the lost ten tribes.<ref name=barnavi>{{cite book |last=|first=|editor-first=Eli|editor-last=Barnavi|title=A Historical Atlas of the Jewish People|publisher=Schocken Books|location=New York|year=1992|page=256-266|isbn=0-8052-4127-2}}</ref>