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[[File:Milk Bottle.jpg|thumb|250px|A Dairy Crest Semi-Skimmed Milk Bottle]]
'''Milk''' is a white secreted fluid containing nutrients produced by the mammary glands of female [[mammals]]. It contains nearly all the nutrients necessary to sustain [[life]].<ref name=Belitz>{{cite book|author=Belitz, H. D; Grosch, W,; Schieberle, P John M|title=Food Chemistry|year=2009|location=Berlin Heidelberg|edition=4th|publisher=Springer|page=498|isbn=978-3-540-69933-0}}</ref> It is the main source of nutrition for mammals from the early days of their life until they are able to digest other types of [[food]]. One of the most important ingredients in milk is [[calcium]], responsible for the growth of strong [[bones]] and [[teeth]].
<ref>{{cite book|author=Newton, David E|title=Food Chemistry|publisher=Facts On File, Inc., Infobase Publishing|year=2007|page=57|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8160-5277-6}}</ref>
The milk also has a role in [[Immune system|immunity]]. Substances present in [[human]] milk are able to kill [[intestine|intestinal]] [[protozoa]] such as ''Giardia lambia'' and, in addition, has the function of protecting infants against this and other infections.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hickman Jr., Cleveland P.; Roberts, Larry S.; Keen, Susan L.; Larson, Allan; l'Anson, Helen; Eisenhour, David J|title=Integrated Principles of Zoology|edition=14th|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=Boston|year=2008|page=772|isbn=978-0-07-297004-3}}</ref> Breast milk contains immunological substances that confer passive immunity for the child, such as IgA, lactoferrin, lysozyme, macrophages and other [[antibodies]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Yeung, David L.; Laquatra, Idamarie|title=Heinz Handbook of Nutrition|edition=9th|publisher=H. J. Heinz Company|year=2003|page=209|id=Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 95-076641}}</ref>
The milk in its natural state contains approximately 87% [[water]], 3.5% of [[fat]], 3.6% [[protein]], 4.9% [[carbohydrate]]s (lactose) and [[mineral]]s like calcium and [[phosphorus]]. The amount of water is reduced to approximately 4% when in the form of milk powder.<ref>{{cite book|author=deMan, John M|title=Principles of Food Chemistry|edition=3rd|publisher=Aspen Publishers, Inc.|location=Gaithersburg, Maryland|year=1999|page=1;35;112; 164; 214|isbn=0-8342-1234-X}}</ref> Milk is also a source of vitamins [[Ascorbic acid|C]] (human milk 3.8 mg/100ml and [[cow]] milk 1.5 mg/100ml) and [[Vitamin D|D]] (human milk 0.8 μg/100ml and cow milk 0.15 μg/100ml).<ref>{{cite book|author=Truswell, A Stewart|title=ABC of Nutrition|edition=4th|publisher=BMJ Books|location=London|page=24|year=2003|isbn=0-7279-1664-5}}</ref> Lactose is a disaccharide found naturally only in milk and its derivatives and it is composed of galactose linked by a β 1-4 glycosidic bond to [[glucose]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gropper, Sareen, S.; Smith, Jack L.; Groff, James L|title=Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism|year=2009|edition=5th|publisher=Wadsworth|location=Belmont, CA|page=67|isbn= 978-0-495-11657-8}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Breastfeeding]]
{{Referencias}}
[[Category:Mammalia]]
[[Category: Nutrition]]
[[en:milk]]
[[pt:Leite]]
[[File:Milk Bottle.jpg|thumb|250px|A Dairy Crest Semi-Skimmed Milk Bottle]]
'''Milk''' is a white secreted fluid containing nutrients produced by the mammary glands of female [[mammals]]. It contains nearly all the nutrients necessary to sustain [[life]].<ref name=Belitz>{{cite book|author=Belitz, H. D; Grosch, W,; Schieberle, P John M|title=Food Chemistry|year=2009|location=Berlin Heidelberg|edition=4th|publisher=Springer|page=498|isbn=978-3-540-69933-0}}</ref> It is the main source of nutrition for mammals from the early days of their life until they are able to digest other types of [[food]]. One of the most important ingredients in milk is [[calcium]], responsible for the growth of strong [[bones]] and [[teeth]].
<ref>{{cite book|author=Newton, David E|title=Food Chemistry|publisher=Facts On File, Inc., Infobase Publishing|year=2007|page=57|location=New York|isbn=978-0-8160-5277-6}}</ref>
The milk also has a role in [[Immune system|immunity]]. Substances present in [[human]] milk are able to kill [[intestine|intestinal]] [[protozoa]] such as ''Giardia lambia'' and, in addition, has the function of protecting infants against this and other infections.<ref>{{cite book|author=Hickman Jr., Cleveland P.; Roberts, Larry S.; Keen, Susan L.; Larson, Allan; l'Anson, Helen; Eisenhour, David J|title=Integrated Principles of Zoology|edition=14th|publisher=McGraw-Hill|location=Boston|year=2008|page=772|isbn=978-0-07-297004-3}}</ref> Breast milk contains immunological substances that confer passive immunity for the child, such as IgA, lactoferrin, lysozyme, macrophages and other [[antibodies]].<ref>{{cite book|editor=Yeung, David L.; Laquatra, Idamarie|title=Heinz Handbook of Nutrition|edition=9th|publisher=H. J. Heinz Company|year=2003|page=209|id=Library of Congress Catalog Card Number 95-076641}}</ref>
The milk in its natural state contains approximately 87% [[water]], 3.5% of [[fat]], 3.6% [[protein]], 4.9% [[carbohydrate]]s (lactose) and [[mineral]]s like calcium and [[phosphorus]]. The amount of water is reduced to approximately 4% when in the form of milk powder.<ref>{{cite book|author=deMan, John M|title=Principles of Food Chemistry|edition=3rd|publisher=Aspen Publishers, Inc.|location=Gaithersburg, Maryland|year=1999|page=1;35;112; 164; 214|isbn=0-8342-1234-X}}</ref> Milk is also a source of vitamins [[Ascorbic acid|C]] (human milk 3.8 mg/100ml and [[cow]] milk 1.5 mg/100ml) and [[Vitamin D|D]] (human milk 0.8 μg/100ml and cow milk 0.15 μg/100ml).<ref>{{cite book|author=Truswell, A Stewart|title=ABC of Nutrition|edition=4th|publisher=BMJ Books|location=London|page=24|year=2003|isbn=0-7279-1664-5}}</ref> Lactose is a disaccharide found naturally only in milk and its derivatives and it is composed of galactose linked by a β 1-4 glycosidic bond to [[glucose]].<ref>{{cite book|author=Gropper, Sareen, S.; Smith, Jack L.; Groff, James L|title=Advanced Nutrition and Human Metabolism|year=2009|edition=5th|publisher=Wadsworth|location=Belmont, CA|page=67|isbn= 978-0-495-11657-8}}</ref>
==See also==
* [[Breastfeeding]]
{{Referencias}}
[[Category:Mammalia]]
[[Category: Nutrition]]
[[en:milk]]
[[pt:Leite]]
